Dark circles under the eyes describe a common appearance of the lower eyelids that has various causes.
Causes:
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Increased pigmentation (melanin)
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Loss of fatty tissue in the eyelid or around the eye
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Bulging fat and muscle loss
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Puffy eyelids
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Thin, translucent skin
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Shadowing due to anatomic shape of the orbit.
Risk factors:
Elderly, Genetic predisposition, Sun exposure, Dermatitis, Rubbing or scratching the eyes, Smoking, Fatigue or lack of sleep, dehydration (sunken eyes).
Diagnosis: Clinical
Treatment:
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Adequate sleep
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Smoking cessation
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Cold compresses
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Protection from sun exposure using sunglasses
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Topical agents
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Chemical peels
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Laser
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Fillers (dermal implants):