Orthopedics, Joint Replacement & Trauma

It’s long term chronic inflammation of joints. It can affect any joint but pre-dominantly affects small joints of hands.

Ligament are short, tough bands of connective tissue that hold the knee together. The give joint stability & strength. There are four ligaments anterior cruciate, posterior glaciate ligament medial lateral collateral ligaments. ACL is most commonly injured ligament due to activities like sudden twisting motion during sports or MVP. Symptoms Due to cruciate injury instability, popping sound difficulty in squatting or cross leg sitting. Diagnosis Clinical examination x-ray, drawer view, stress view, MRI. Treatment In acute phase: Rest, pain killer muscle strengthening exercise, ice pack. Chronic phase: Surgery open or arthroscopic repair.

It’s a swelling & inflammation of group of tendons that bend the wrist backward. It is usually seen in both men & women between the ages of 30-50 years. Causes It is frequently seen in tennis players, but however many people who don’t play tennis may have it & causes could be working a chain saw. Use of vibrating tools seen in painters. Symptoms Aching pain along the outside of forearm & elbow pain may also felt on lifting or gripping small objects. Diagnosis Physical examination. Passive dorsiflexion test. X-ray may be done to look for arthritis MRI will show inflammation in tendons. Electro myography. Treatment Rest. Not lifting heavyweights. Ice pack application, stretching exercises. Anti-inflammatory drugs. If they don’t work then bracing for a few weeks can help steroid, injection, ultrasound therapy, rarely surgery. Heel Pain due to Heel Spurs Heel spur is bone growth on heel bone. It is often located on outer & under surface of heel bone. Where it is attached to plantar fascia. It’s a long band of connective tissue running from heel to ball of foot. This connective tissue act as a shock absorber during activity. This fascia can get overstretched from running, wearing poor-fitting shoes, or being overweight. Pain results from the stress & inflammation of tissue pulling on the bone over time, the body builds extra bone in response to this stress-causing heel spurs. Treatment Rest, soft sole footwear use, cold packs, anti-inflammatory drugs, correct stretching before activity, Achilles stretching, in severe cases, corticosteroid shots. Surgery in severe & prolonged cases.

It can range from mild dull aching pain to severe pain it may restrict mobility & normal function. It is frequently seen in patients more than 40 years of age.

Due to location & wide range of motion neck is often unprotected from risk of injury & prone for degenerative changes now a days it is frequent due to long-standing mobile & computer use.

Shoulder one of the most mobile joint shoulder joint is surrounded by soft tissues like tendons, muscles & ligaments, pain may be due to injury or overuse & degeneration which might lead to shoulder joint arthroscopy. Causes Trauma, dislocation, bursitis often seen in tendinitis impingement syndrome. Its pain due to inflamed bursa, rotator cuff tear, frozen shoulder. Clinical presentation, pain in movement of shoulder. At times limitation in movement. Diagnosis Physical examination, X-ray, MRI USG treatment, physiotherapy, analgesics steroid injections, surgery in severe condition.  

It’s a disease that causes weak, thinning of bones. They put bones at greater risk of breaking frequently affected bones are hips, spine. Risk Older age group patients. White & Asian especially females are more at risk. Patients with less bodyweight 4 muscle mass are more at risk. Lack of physical activity, heavy smoker & alcoholic long term steroid users. Post meso pausal females. Symptoms Low back pain, some people may not have pain, but if patient develops collapse of vertebra, then there can be severe pain or spinal deformity. Diagnosis Physical examination, X-ray, Blood tests, Bone mineral density vitamin D estimation. Treatment Staying at a healthy body weight. Doing regular exercises. Healthy diet. Medical line of management. Hormonal therapy. Bisphosphonates. Parathyroid hormone administration. Calcium & vitamin D3 supplements.

It is the most frequent problem faced by orthopedic surgeon. Its partial or complete break in bone. It could be associated with or without wound. Increased use of machines & motor vehicles is leading to increased incidence of fractures. But sometimes overuse as repetitive motion can tire muscles & put pressure on bone. This called stress fracture. It is common in athletes & military persons. Symptoms Sudden pain Trouble in using or moving the injured part Unable to bear weight Swelling Deformity Warmth & bruising. Diagnosis Physical examination, X-ray of affected part. MRI will show affected soft tissue injuries as well. CT scan is useful for un-displayed fracture. Treatment Conservative management. Splints or cast application. Rest Pain killers. Tractions Surgery is often required for displaced fractures with soft tissue injury & Neurovascular injury.