Bleeding Disorder

Many bleeding disorders require accurate diagnosis & treatment.

• Hemophilia: It is an inherited bleeding disorder due to deficiency of clotting factor VIII (Hemophilia A), IX (Hemophilia B). It is manifested by males & females are the carrier. Symptoms include bruising even from small accidents, hematoma, easy bleeding from nose, mouth, gums & minor injury, hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints) which can cause pain, immobility & deformity. It is diagnosed by measuring serum coagulation profile, genetic testing, and family history. This disorder is treated by transfusing Factor VIII or IX, blood transfusion. Severe cases with complications may require surgery, immobilization, rehabilitation of the affected joint with physical therapy & exercise. The complication of this disorder can be prevented by maintaining clotting factor levels in the blood, avoiding anticoagulants, intramuscular injections.
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: It is an automatic disorder that causes a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. In most cases, the cause is idiopathic but may follow a common viral illness. It is manifested by purpura, bruising, petechia, epistasis, uncontrolled bleeding. It is diagnosed by CBC, PBF & bone marrow aspiration. This disorder is treated with IV Immunoglobin & steroids, splenectomy.
• Leukemia: Leukemia is an increase in immature white blood cells in the bone marrow and compromises the production of other cell lineages. There are different types of leukemia like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is diagnosed with the help of PBF & bone marrow examination. It is treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy by medicines, Immunotherapy & supportive care.
• Thrombocytopenia: It is a decrease in platelets in the blood. It is either due to increased destruction (ITP, post-transfusion purpura, Drug-induced), decreased production (Aplastic anemia, Myelodysplasia, HIV, Dengue, Scrub). Platelets are transfused via either random donor or single donor platelet in high-risk cases of bleeding.