- Abdominal signs / symptoms: Vomiting, feed intolerance, distension of abdomen, tenderness of abdomen.
- Systemic signs / symptoms: poor feeding, apnea, bradycardia, shock, acidosis, etc.
- Intestinal perforation
- Shock
- Bleeding
Acute inflammatory injury of the distal small and often proximal large intestine in preterm babies.
- Prematurity
- Formula feeds
- Sepsis
- Umbilical vein/ artery catheterization
- Exclusive breast milk feeds
- Avoidance of prematurity
- Gradual increase of feeds
- Clinical diagnosis
- X-ray erect abdomen (dilated bowel loops, pneumatosis intestinalis, gas in portal vein, pneumoperitoneum etc.)
- USG abdomen
- Gastric decompression
- Parenteral nutrition
- Bowel rest
- IV antibiotics
- Surgical intervention if needed
