- Fast breathing
- Bounding pulses
- Tachycardia
- Repeated respiratory tract infection
- Congestive cardiac failure
- Eisenmenger syndrome
- Prematurity
- Fluid overload, Hypoxia
- Congenital infections (rubella)
- Associated with syndromes
Avoid preterm delivery and avoid fluid overload and hypoxia
2D –Echo
- Medical management (In preterms) - oral Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, paracetamol
- Surgical management- ligation
